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Bergama harabeleri, Ancient Pergamon, Ä°zmir, Turkey
Image by ozgurmulazimoglu
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English:
Pergamon or Pergamum (Greek: Î ÎÏγαμος, ) was an ancient Greek city in modern-day Turkey, in Mysia, north-western Anatolia, 16 miles from the Aegean Sea, located on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus (modern day Bakırçay), that became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon during the Hellenistic period, under the Attalid dynasty, 281â€"133 BC. Today, the main sites of ancient Pergamon are to the north and west of the modern city of Bergama.
The Attalid kingdom was the rump state left after the collapse of the Kingdom of Thrace.
The Attalids, the descendants of Attalus, father of Philetaerus who came to power in 281 BC following the collapse of the Kingdom of Thrace, were among the most loyal supporters of Rome in the Hellenistic world. Under Attalus I (241-197 BC), they allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon, during the first and second Macedonian Wars, and again under Eumenes II (197-158 BC), against Perseus of Macedon, during the Third Macedonian War. For support against the Seleucids, the Attalids were rewarded with all the former Seleucid domains in Asia Minor.
The Attalids ruled with intelligence and generosity. Many documents survive showing how the Attalids would support the growth of towns through sending in skilled artisans and by remitting taxes. They allowed the Greek cities in their domains to maintain nominal independence. They sent gifts to Greek cultural sites like Delphi, Delos, and Athens. They defeated the invading Celts. They remodeled the Acropolis of Pergamum after the Acropolis in Athens. When Attalus III (138-133 BC) died without an heir in 133 BC he bequeathed the whole of Pergamon to Rome, in order to prevent a civil war.
The first Christian bishop of Pergamon, Antipas, was believed to have been martyred here in 92 AD
The Great Altar of Pergamon is in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin. The base of this altar remains on the upper part of the Acropolis. It was this altar, believed dedicated to Zeus, that John of Patmos referred to as "Satan's Throne" in his Book of Revelation
Türkçe:
Pergamon, günümüzde İzmir iline bağlı Bergama ilçesinin merkezinin yerinde kurulu antik kentin adıdır. Pergamon, eski çağlardada Misya bölgesinin önemli merkezlerinden biriydi. İ.Ö. 282-133 arasında da Pergamon Krallığı’nın başkentiydi. Pergamon adı, bir söylence kahramanı olan Pergamos'tan gelir. Pergamos’un, Teuthrania kralını öldürdükten sonra kenti ele geçirdiği ve kendi adını verdiği sanılır. Başka bir söylenceye göre de Teuthrania Kralı Grynos savaşta Pergamos'tan yardım istemiş, zaferden sonra iki kent kurdurarak birine onun onuruna Pergamon, ötekine de Gryneion adını vermiştir.
Yazılı belgelerde Pergamon'dan ilk kez İ.Ö 4. yüzyılın başlarında söz edilir. Kent daha sonra Pergamon Krallığı'nın başkenti oldu. Bu dönemde saray, tapınak, tiyatro gibi yapılarla yapıldı, kent kule ve surlarla çevrildi. Pergamon, krallığın Roma'ya bağlanmasından sonra da Batı Anadolu'nun sayılı kentlerinden biri olarak kaldı.
Eski kentin kalıntılarını, 1870’lerde Batı Anadolu’da demiryolu döşenmesinde çalışan Alman mühendis Carl Humann buldu. Pergamon'da ilk araştırma ve kazı çalışmalarına da 1878'de başlandı. Kazılar ve onarım çalışmaları günümüzde de sürmektedir.
Ancient City of Pergamon
Image by ozgurmulazimoglu
PLEASE VISIT
www.ansiklopedika.org
(Explore: 75 on Friday, June 19, 2009)
Pergamon or Pergamum (Greek: Î ÎÏγαμος, ) was an ancient Greek city in modern-day Turkey, in Mysia, north-western Anatolia, 16 miles from the Aegean Sea, located on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus (modern day Bakırçay), that became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon during the Hellenistic period, under the Attalid dynasty, 281â€"133 BC. Today, the main sites of ancient Pergamon are to the north and west of the modern city of Bergama.
The Attalid kingdom was the rump state left after the collapse of the Kingdom of Thrace.
The Attalids, the descendants of Attalus, father of Philetaerus who came to power in 281 BC following the collapse of the Kingdom of Thrace, were among the most loyal supporters of Rome in the Hellenistic world. Under Attalus I (241-197 BC), they allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon, during the first and second Macedonian Wars, and again under Eumenes II (197-158 BC), against Perseus of Macedon, during the Third Macedonian War. For support against the Seleucids, the Attalids were rewarded with all the former Seleucid domains in Asia Minor.
The Attalids ruled with intelligence and generosity. Many documents survive showing how the Attalids would support the growth of towns through sending in skilled artisans and by remitting taxes. They allowed the Greek cities in their domains to maintain nominal independence. They sent gifts to Greek cultural sites like Delphi, Delos, and Athens. They defeated the invading Celts. They remodeled the Acropolis of Pergamum after the Acropolis in Athens. When Attalus III (138-133 BC) died without an heir in 133 BC he bequeathed the whole of Pergamon to Rome, in order to prevent a civil war.
The first Christian bishop of Pergamon, Antipas, was believed to have been martyred here in 92 AD
The Great Altar of Pergamon is in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin. The base of this altar remains on the upper part of the Acropolis. It was this altar, believed dedicated to Zeus, that John of Patmos referred to as "Satan's Throne" in his Book of Revelation
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